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  1. Upper Crosshead and Lower Crosshead. The upper crosshead is used to clamp one end of the test specimen. The lower crosshead in the load frame is the movable crosshead whose screws can be loosened for height adjustment and tightened. Both the crossheads have a tapered slot at the center.

  2. In the present work was study the analysis of composite crosshead behavior or load modules of universal testing machine, the main objective is to achieve a model that comply the standards to perform destructive tests on samples of metals and non-metals.

  3. Components of Universal Testing Machine. Two primary components make up a universal testing machine as follow: Loading Unit. Control Unit. Loading Unit. The loading unit controls how the test specimen is set up and how much force is applied. The table and crosshead on the left unit make up the loading unit.

  4. crosshead testing speed of 2 in/min or 0.033 in/sec. With a servo update rate of 1,000 times per. second, the desired crosshead movement per servo update = 0.033/1000 = 0.000033 inches/servo. update. Example 2: Apply a 10 lbf peak to peak sinewave force amplitude at 5 Hz (cycles per second) to a test. sample.

  5. Cross head. The part of the Universal Testing Machine that moves up and down during the testing process. It can be powered by an electrical motor or a servo-hydraulic driver. Extensometer. Equipment capable of determining useful calculations like the Modulus of Elasticity, Secant Modulus and Poisson’s ratio.

  6. A tensile tester, also known as a pull tester or univeral testing machine (UTM), is an electromechanical test system that applies a tensile (pull) force to a material to determine the tensile strength and deformation behavior until break.

  7. Each specification requires that the force be applied at a specific strain, crosshead position or stress rate. One function of the testing machine controller is to ensure that the specified test rate is accurately maintained throughout the test.