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Diffraction is a wave characteristic that occurs for all types of waves. If diffraction is observed for a phenomenon, it is evidence that the phenomenon is produced by waves. Thus, the horizontal diffraction of the laser beam after it passes through slits in Figure 17.2 is evidence that light has the properties of a wave.
diffraction: The bending of a wave around the edges of an opening or an obstacle. constructive interference: Occurs when waves interfere with each other crest to crest and the waves are exactly in phase with each other.
Figure 14.1.2 Superposition of two sinusoidal waves. We see that the wave has a maximum amplitude when sin( x + φ ) = 1 , or x = π /2 − φ The interference there is constructive. On the other hand, destructive interference occurs at x = π − φ = 2.61 rad, wheresin( π ) = 0 . The light sources must be coherent.
In this chapter, we show how the phenomena of interference and diffraction arise from the physics of the forced oscillation problem and the mathematics of Fourier transformation. We begin by discussing interference from a double slit. This is the classic example of interference.
When light diffracts through two nearby small openings, an interference pattern will form. This also happens when light diffracts around a small obstacles.
Explain behaviors of waves, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and coherence, and describe applications based on these behaviors. Perform calculations related to applications based on wave properties of light.
Summary. Diffraction … is the bending or spreading of a wave around an obstacle or through an opening. is most apparent when the size of the obstacle or opening ( a) and the wavelength of the wave ( λ) are of the same order ( a ~ λ ). A shadow is a region behind an obstacle into which a wave does not easily diffract.
