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It is assumed in pre-relativity physics that the laws of the configuration of ideal rigid bodies are consistent with Euclidean geometry. What this means may be expressed as follows: Two points marked on a rigid body form an interval. Such an interval can be oriented at rest, relatively to our space of reference, in a multiplicity of ways.
The main ideas involved in the most important of Einstein’s theories date back to this period. Amongst these may be mentioned: The Special Theory of Relativity, Inertia of Energy, Theory of the Brownian Movement, and the Quantum-Law of the Emission and Absorption of Light (1905). These were followed some years later by the vii
The idea that a principle of relativity applies to the properties of the physical world is very old: it certainly predates Newton and Galileo, but probably not as far back as Aristotle.
The special relativity theory resulted in appreciable advances. It reconciled mechanics and electrodynamics. It reduced the number of logically inde-pendent hypotheses regarding the latter. It enforced the need for a clarifica-tion of the fundamental concepts in epistemological terms. It united the mo-
Special Relativity. Although Newtonian mechanics gives an excellent description of Nature, it is not uni-versally valid. When we reach extreme conditions — the very small, the very heavy or the very fast — the Newtonian Universe that we’re used to needs replacing.
One of the main consequences of Einstein's special relativity is that we do not view space and time as inherently distinct from each other. To take advantage of a genuinely four-dimensional view, we use 4-vectors in place of Heaviside's 3-vectors, which had been restricted to space-like quantities.
This simple, user-friendly introduction to relativity is ideal for a first course in the subject. The textbook begins with a comprehensive, but simple, review of special relativity, creating a framework from which to launch the ideas of general relativity.
