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In physics and astronomy, a frame of reference (or reference frame) is an abstract coordinate system whose origin, orientation, and scale are specified by a set of reference points―geometric points whose position is identified both mathematically (with numerical coordinate values) and physically (signaled by conventional markers).
A frame of reference is a set of coordinates that can be used to determine positions and velocities of objects in that frame; different frames of reference move relative to one another.
Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Position vectors and coordinates of a point P in two different reference frames, A and B. In the reference frame A, the point P has position coordinates \((x_{AP} , y_{AP})\). Likewise, in the reference frame B, its coordinates are \((x_{BP} , y_{BP})\).
A reference frame is a like a fixed point. Properties of other objects such as: position, velocity etc. are measured using the point. It is so because no point in the universe is stationary or static. Every point is moving depending on another 'so called' static point.
introduction. Newtonian relativity: absolute linear motion at a constant velocity cannot be detected, nor can absolute rest. All motion is relative to a frame of reference. It is not possible to distinguish motion with a constant velocity from rest.
Equation (\ref{rprime}) is an example of a Galilean transformation between frames of reference (here the lab frame and the center of mass frame). It actually holds for any pair of reference frames that move with constant velocity with respect to each other.
The coordinate system with your observer acts as a reference frame for describing the position, velocity, and acceleration of bodies. The position vector of the body depends on the choice of origin (location of your observer) but the displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors are independent of the location of the observer.
