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  1. The gravitational metric system (original French term Système des Méchaniciens) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively.

  2. Gravity, in mechanics, the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. It is by far the weakest force known in nature and thus plays no role in determining the internal properties of everyday matter. Yet, it also controls the trajectories of bodies in the universe and the structure of the whole cosmos.

  3. Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

  4. Key terms. Equations. Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Gravitational force F g is always attractive, and it depends only on the masses involved and the distance between them. Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force along an imaginary line between them. The equation for Newton’s law of gravitation is:

  5. We begin this chapter by discussing the statistical and dynamical behaviour of particles interacting each other with Newtonian gravity, the so-called self-gravitating systems.

  6. What are Gravitational Waves? Two-dimensional illustration of how mass in the Universe distorts space-time. (Credit: NASA) Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe.

  7. Astronomers have defined four categories of gravitational waves based on what object or system generates the waves: Continuous, Compact Binary Inspiral, Stochastic, and Burst. Each category of objects generates a characteristic set of gravitational wave signals that researchers can look for in LIGO’s data.