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Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Gravity, in mechanics, the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. It is by far the weakest force known in nature and thus plays no role in determining the internal properties of everyday matter. Yet, it also controls the trajectories of bodies in the universe and the structure of the whole cosmos.
Key terms. Equations. Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Gravitational force F g is always attractive, and it depends only on the masses involved and the distance between them. Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force along an imaginary line between them. The equation for Newton’s law of gravitation is:
The gravitational metric system (original French term Système des Méchaniciens) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively.
The force of gravity, or gravitational force, pulls objects with mass toward each other. We often think about the force of gravity from Earth. This force is what keeps your body on the ground. But any object with mass exerts a gravitational force on all other objects with mass.
In this section, we study the nature of the gravitational force for objects as small as ourselves and for systems as massive as entire galaxies. We show how the gravitational force affects objects on Earth and the motion of the Universe itself.
We begin this chapter by discussing the statistical and dynamical behaviour of particles interacting each other with Newtonian gravity, the so-called self-gravitating systems.
