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9 de jun. de 2024 · The anatomic and functional continuity between veins, venous sinuses, and venous plexuses of the brain and spine has been recognized for decades. The author proposes the label "cerebrospinal venous system" to formalize this relationship.
31 de may. de 2024 · Batson's functional radiographic studies defined many of the physiologic characteristics of this unique venous system, including the critical facts that the veins in this system were valveless and thereby allowed bidirectional flow.
20 de jun. de 2024 · The Batson venous plexus is a network of veins that drain several internal organs to the vertebral venous plexus, connecting the breasts, prostate, vertebrae, and brain. The Batson plexus has long been proposed to be a metastatic conduit ( 14 ), and the findings of Whiteley et al . suggest that BCCs may use similar mechanisms along ...
13 de jun. de 2024 · In the case of vertebral and paravertebral lesions, secondary leptomeningeal metastasis can be achieved through accessing Batson’s venous plexus.
8 de jun. de 2024 · The paracondylar process, also known as the paraoccipital, paramastoid, parajugular or estiloid process, is a rare anatomical variant of the occipital bone where a bony exostosis extends caudally from the paracondylar region (lateral to the native occipital condyles), typically articulating with the superior surface of a transverse process of th...
Hace 5 días · The grey matter is the substance of the brain and spinal cord that contains the neuronal cell bodies of the central nervous system. Within the cerebrum the two main locations of grey matter are on the surface of the gyri (the cortical grey matter) and the nuclei of the basal ganglia.
31 de may. de 2024 · Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by arteriovenous shunting with a true nidus. They represent ~25% of spinal vascular malformations . Epidemiology. Different types of spinal AVM have different ages of presentation, but overall 80% present between the age of 20 and 60 years 3 .
