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The crossing of the Andes was a major step in the strategy devised by General José de San Martín to defeat the royalist forces at their stronghold of Lima, Viceroyalty of Perú, and secure the Spanish American independence movements.
Although the initial waves of independence movements had been quashed by the Spanish forces, a resurgence began in 1817 and was more successful. San Martín began this resurgence by crossing the Andes from the revolutionary stronghold of Río de la Plata, to Chile.
One of the most-dramatic chapters in the 19th-century struggle for Latin American independence from Spanish rule occurred 200 years ago, in January and February 1817, when the liberation of Chile was won by the improbable crossing of the Andes Mountains by a force of revolutionaries under the command of José de San Martín, the Argentine ...
El cruce de los Andes es uno de los episodios más destacados en la historia de América del Sur. Se trata de una hazaña militar llevada a cabo por el general argentino José de San Martín y su Ejército de los Andes durante la Guerra de Independencia de Argentina, Chile y Perú.
The boldness of his plan to attack the viceroyalty of Lima by crossing the Andes to Chile and going on by sea, as well as the patience and determination with which he executed it, was undoubtedly the decisive factor in the defeat of Spanish power in southern South America.
The concept of the continental divide was easy to apply in northern regions, but in Patagonia, drainage basins crossed the Andes, which led to disputes over whether the highest peaks would be the frontier, favoring Argentina, or the drainage basins, favoring Chile.
The crossing of the Andes was a key moment in the independence struggle. O’Higgins’ goal was actually to use the conquer of Chile as a springboard to taking Lima in Peru. The third phase was the militarization of the army in Chile.
