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A shoulder, hard shoulder (British) or breakdown lane is an emergency stopping lane by the verge on the outer side of a road or motorway. Many wider freeways , or expressways elsewhere have shoulders on both sides of each directional carriageway—in the median, as well as at the outer edges of the road, for additional safety.
According to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guidelines, the recommended paved shoulder width for rural highways ranges from 4 to 8 feet, depending on the design speed and traffic volume. For urban areas, the recommended width is typically 6 to 8 feet. Design Standards Table.
Shoulders are an important element of the highway system, providing space for emergency stops, a recovery zone for errant vehicles, struc-tural support for the pavement, drainage, improved sight distance, passage for bicyclists, and increased roadway width to accommodate agricultural vehicles. Granular shoulders are a commonly used shoulder option.
In road: Alignment and profile The shoulder is a strip of pavement outside an outer lane; it is provided for emergency use by traffic and to protect the pavement edges from traffic damage. A set of adjoining lanes and shoulders is called a roadway or carriageway, while the pavement, shoulders, and…
15 de oct. de 2014 · On highways with curb and enclosed drainage systems, shoulders store and carry water during storms, preventing water from spreading onto the travel lanes. On high-speed roadways, shoulders improve capacity by increasing driver comfort.
Geometric Design of Highway Shoulders. D.W. Loutzenheiser, Chief, Urban Highway Branch Bureau of Public Roads. • THE geometric aspects of highway shoulder design are those that the driver sees and feels as his vehicle operates either on the adjacent through traffic lane or the shoulder itself.
When considering the structural design of highway shoulders, the functions of shoulders obviously must be taken into account. Their prime purpose is to provide a safe all-weather refuge for those few vehicles that must leave the main traffic stream. Secondarily, they can enhance pavement performance by providing lateral support and by retarding ...
