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Eldgjá ( Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛltˌcauː] ⓘ, "fire canyon") is a volcano and a canyon in Iceland. Eldgjá is part of the Katla volcano; it is a segment of a 40 kilometres (25 mi) long chain of volcanic craters and fissure vents that extends northeast away from Katla volcano almost to the Vatnajökull ice cap.
Se encuentra entre Landmannalaugar y Kirkjubæjarklaustur. Es el mayor cañón volcánico en la Tierra con 270 m de profundidad y 600 m de ancho en su zona más profunda. Lo descubrió Þorvaldur Thoroddsen en 1893. La primera erupción documentada ocurrió en 934, cuando se registró un enorme trap.
Between the years 934 and 940, shortly after the settlement of Iceland, a catastrophic eruption originated in Katla and continued over a long period of activity. The massive, 75 kilometres long Eldgjá fissure opened up northeast of the eruption site and almost reaches from one glacier to the next.
El volcán Katla es uno de los volcanes más poderosos del sur de Islandia, localizado bajo el glaciar Mýrdalsjökull. Desde el año 930 se han documentado dieciséis erupciones del Katla, la última de las cuales tuvo lugar en 1918. Tiene una altura de 1.450 m y su caldera es de 10 km de diámetro.
Katla Geopark is home to two of the largest basaltic flood lava eruptions in historical times in Iceland, Laki in 1783-1784 and Eldgjá around 938 AD. The Eldgjá fissure is about 70 km long, extending from the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap in the southwest (Katla), into the Vatnajökull ice cap in the northeast.
Katla is one of the largest volcanoes in Iceland. [6] It is situated to the north of Vík í Mýrdal and to the east of the smaller glacier Eyjafjallajökull. Its peak reaches 1,512 metres (4,961 ft) and is partially covered by the Mýrdalsjökull glacier. The system has an area of 595 km 2 (230 sq mi).
Eldgjá, which is the largest basalt flood lava eruption (took place around 938 AD) is a part of Katla Geopark, which is home to another basaltic flood lava eruption site – Laki in 1783-1784. The first Eldgjá eruption was one of the powerful ones and had a worldwide impact.
