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The lethality of the disease is caused by the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: (i) the polyglutamic acid capsule, which is anti- phagocytic, and (ii) the tripartite protein toxin, called anthrax toxin.
The pXO1 plasmid encodes the three anthrax exotoxin components: protective antigen (PA, 83 kDa), lethal factor (LF, 89 kDa), and edema factor (EF, 90 kDa). Plasmid pXO2 encodes proteins that synthesize the unique poly-D-γ-glutamic acid capsule, which confers resistance to phagocytosis.
Cutaneous anthrax is rarely fatal if treated, because the infection area is limited to the skin, preventing the lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen from entering and destroying a vital organ.
25 de jul. de 2023 · Although B. anthracis is generally an environmentally-stable and ubiquitous organism in nature, it has also been recognized as a potential pathogen that could be used as a biologic weapon. Anthrax can affect the skin or internal organs. When inhaled, anthrax is usually fatal.
7 de sept. de 2020 · Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a bipartite toxin comprising protective antigen, which binds cellular receptors, and the lethal factor (LF) protease. LT is the primary virulence factor of B....
1 de ene. de 2015 · Cutaneous anthrax infection mostly remains painless and limited to dermis. However, in certain cases it can become systemic when bacteria enter into blood stream causing bacterimia. Hemorrhagic lesions can be developed on any part of body and can be fatal in bacteremic anthrax.
22 de jun. de 2021 · Translocation is essential to the anthrax toxin mechanism. Protective antigen (PA), the binding component of this AB toxin, forms an oligomeric pore that translocates lethal factor (LF) or...
