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  1. Hace 5 horas · We simulate the spectral features of an experimentally implemented gyrotron operating in a 170-GHz band with MW-level output in the frequency-locked regime. Simulations are conducted using the particle-in-cells method within the KARAT software reducing the problem of 3-D simulations of nonsymmetric mode operation to the 2.5-D problem. We demonstrate that such an approach allows the spectral ...

  2. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Dark_matterDark matter - Wikipedia

    Hace 5 horas · In astronomy, dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that appears not to interact with light or the electromagnetic field.Dark matter is implied by gravitational effects which cannot be explained by general relativity unless more matter is present than can be seen. Such effects occur in the context of formation and evolution of galaxies, gravitational lensing, the observable universe's ...

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › TemperatureTemperature - Wikipedia

    Hace 1 día · Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a substance.. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied on various reference points and thermometric substances for ...